Celia a 75-year-old woman presents with a 4/7 history of decrease in appetite, fatigue and increasing shortness of breath. Celia’s partner tells you that up until recently she has been well and they have been caring for their 4-year-old grandson who currently has a cold. Medical Diagnosis: Respiratory syncytial virus, a common viral
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Celia a 75-year-old woman presents with a 4/7 history of decrease in appetite, fatigue and increasing shortness of breath. Celia’s partner tells you that up until recently she has been well and they have been caring for their 4-year-old grandson who currently has a cold. Medical Diagnosis: Respiratory syncytial virus, a common viral pathogen that causes respiratory infection. Other assessment findings include: • Coryza • Pain to lower chest on inspiration and during coughing. • Fever • Audible Wheeze • Mild hypotension and tachycardia • Dry Mucous Membranes Celia’s partner says the medical team have ordered intravenous fluid, but they are unsure why this is important at this stage as Celia only has a respiratory infection. The follow questions relate to Case Study 1. Question Based on your understanding of the concepts of inflammation and infection, which of the following statements is true in relation to the presence of a viral pathogen within Celia’s respiratory system? Hilight Right answer a)Celia has an undiagnosed medical condition that results in decreased ventilation leading to hyperoxaemiaand hypercapnia. b)Coryza is only seen in paediatricpopulations and is not significant in this case. c)The audible wheeze and pain on inspiration result from the body’s key protective mechanism to defend against foreign antigens. d)Celia has a suppressed immune response due to the inability of cytotoxic T cells to fight antigens from viral pathogen. Question With reference to the case study above, describe a pathophysiological rationale to support your answer (50 words)? Celia a 75-year-old woman presents with a 4/7 history of decrease in appetite, fatigue and increasing shortness of breath. Celia’s partner tells you that up until recently she has been well and they have been caring for their 4-year-old grandson who currently has a cold. Medical Diagnosis: Respiratory syncytial virus, a common viral pathogen that causes respiratory infection. Other assessment findings include: • Coryza • Pain to lower chest on inspiration and during coughing. • Fever • Audible Wheeze • Mild hypotension and tachycardia • Dry Mucous Membranes Celia’s partner says the medical team have ordered intravenous fluid, but they are unsure why this is important at this stage as Celia only has a respiratory infection. Question_ Based on your understanding of the concept of gas exchange, which of the following statements is true in relation to the presence of a viral pathogen within Celia’s respiratory system? Highlight the right answer. a)The clinical manifestations in the case demonstrate that there is impaired oxygen transport to the cells as a result of inadequate oxygen carrying capacity. b)Celia is showing increased work of breathing due to impaired ventilation that has resulted in increased gas exchange. c)Celia has an acid base imbalance that is resulting in a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration due to impaired renal excretion. d)Celia is showing increased work of breathing due to impaired ventilation that has resulted in decreased gas exchange. Question With reference to the case study above, describe a pathophysiological rationale to support your answer (50 words) ? Celia a 75-year-old woman presents with a 4/7 history of decrease in appetite, fatigue and increasing shortness of breath. Celia’s partner tells you that up until recently she has been well and they have been caring for their 4-year-old grandson who currently has a cold. Medical Diagnosis: Respiratory syncytial virus, a common viral pathogen that causes respiratory infection. Other assessment findings include: • Coryza • Pain to lower chest on inspiration and during coughing. • Fever • Audible Wheeze • Mild hypotension and tachycardia • Dry Mucous Membranes Celia’s partner says the medical team have ordered intravenous fluid, but they are unsure why this is important at this stage as Celia only has a respiratory infection. The follow questions relate to Case Study 1. Question Based on your understanding of the concept of fluid and electrolyte balance, which of the following statements is true in relation to the case above? Highlight right answer. a)Celia is likely to be experiencing an extracellular fluid volume deficit due to impaired oral intake and insensible losses, requiring intravenous fluid administration. b)Celia has experiences osmotic diuresis due to the presence of a hypoglycaemicstate, requiring intravenous fluid administrationc C)Celia is likely to be experiencing hypervolaemia as her body is trying to retain sodium to maintain homeostasis, requiring intravenous fluid administration. d)Celia is at risk for hypervolaemia due to increased oral intake over the past 4 days Question With reference to the case study above, describe a pathophysiological rationale to support your answer to question (50 words) Naomi is a 26-year-old female who has just returned to the ward after requiring surgery to remove a section of bowel due to a colorectal cancer. Naomi has a medical history of factor X deficiency, a congenital disease that results in deficient production of factor X Naomi’s partner, has pressure the nurse assist button after noticing an increasing amount of bright red fluid collecting in the surgical drain. You notice that the drain, which was empty on arrival to ward, now has collected about 850ml of fluid collected. On assessment Naomi appears pale and diaphoretic and her capillary refill is >3secs. Her peripheral pulses are difficult to palpate and her heart rate is elevated. The follow questions relate to Case Study 2. Question Based on your understanding of the concepts of clotting, which of the following statements is true in relation to the clinical manifestations present in the case study above? Highlight right answer a)Naomi is showing signs of excessive clotting and is not at risk for bleeding. b)The best way to manage this situation is to remove the drain in order to control the bleeding. c)Naomi will still form a fibrin clot as there is a secondary pathway available, but it will take longer. d)Naomi is showing signs of ineffective clotting and significant haemorrhage Question With reference to the case study above, describe a pathophysiological rationale to support your answer to question (50 words) ? Naomi is a 26-year-old female who has just returned to the ward after requiring surgery to remove a section of bowel due to a colorectal cancer. Naomi has a medical history of factor X deficiency, a congenital disease that results in deficient production of factor X Naomi’s partner, has pressure the nurse assist button after noticing an increasing amount of bright red fluid collecting in the surgical drain. You notice that the drain, which was empty on arrival to ward, now has collected about 850ml of fluid collected. On assessment Naomi appears pale and diaphoretic and her capillary refill is >3secs. Her peripheral pulses are difficult to palpate and her heart rate is elevated. The follow questions relate to Case Study 2. Question Based on your understanding of the concepts of perfusion and fluid & electrolyte imbalance, which of the following statements is true in relation to the clinical manifestations present in the case study above? Highlight answer a)There is no cause of concern in relation to perfusion as there is no evidence of impairment to ventilation or gas exchange. b)Naomi is at risk for hypoxia and cellular dysfunction due to impaired central and tissue perfusion. c)Based on the clinical manifestations present in the case the most appropriate action is to encourage oral fluid intake. d)Naomi is at risk for hypoxia and cellular dysfunction due to impaired tissue perfusion only. Question With reference to the case study above, describe a pathophysiological rationale to support your answer to question (50 words) ? Naomi is a 26-year-old female who has just returned to the ward after requiring surgery to remove a section of bowel due to a colorectal cancer. Naomi has a medical history of factor X deficiency, a congenital disease that results in deficient production of factor X Naomi’s partner, has pressure the nurse assist button after noticing an increasing amount of bright red fluid collecting in the surgical drain. You notice that the drain, which was empty on arrival to ward, now has collected about 850ml of fluid collected. On assessment Naomi appears pale and diaphoretic and her capillary refill is >3secs. Her peripheral pulses are difficult to palpate and her heart rate is elevated. The follow questions relate to Case Study 2. Question Based on your understanding of the concept of cellular regulation, which of the following statements is true? Highlight right answer a)Impaired cellular regulation can result in significant impairment to normal physiological function, but only if the tumouris encapsulated. b)Naomi does not have a history of impaired cellular regulation rather this is an issue related to cellular adaption. c)Impaired cellular regulation can result in formation of neoplasm (tumours) which can result in significant impairment to normal physiological function. d)It is likely that the clinical manifestations in the case study are directly related to cellular atrophy. Question With reference to the case study above, describe a pathophysiological rationale to support your answer to question 6a. (50 words)
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