Generally, most of the children suffer from anxiety, which is considered a regular part of growing up.

It is a condition that affects young people within their lifetime which is estimated to be between 8% and 30%. However, this varies with the childs age, type of anxiety and disorder as well as whether the condition can be diagnosed. Besides, for an extended period, the conditions in children had been considered too mild until and transitory which were expected to fade over time.

Nonetheless, these conditions are prevalent and  they continue to show into there teenage years until

adulthood if they are not taken care of in their early stages. On the other hand, for some of the separate issue, the conditions are short lived, and the conditions are stabilized before they get worse. Also, to note is that most families that have children with anxiety condition spend almost four times more on the children compared to the familys other families whose children do not have the conditions.

Description of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety is basically  mood that is a state where the children experience strong undesirable feelings

and tension which make the child anticipate future misfortunes in their lives. This definition mainly specifies two significant factors which include undesirable feelings and the tension which is mostly an element of fear.

Experiencing Anxiety

This is a response to a particular event that a child may view as a potential threat to his or her life. In

essence, human beings are programmed to sense and give a reaction towards the feelings of anxiety and the people that may be making them be anxious. However, anxiety is normal in children of a given age. For instance, when infants are separated from their mother, they develop specific fears which are short most of the times. Also, a perfect example of anxiety is when a child that is afraid of the dogs realizes that there is a loose dog in the compound and it running around. As a result, a child will develop fear which will cause her to pale, become sweaty as well as find it hard to breathe, or start running away. The immediate reaction of anxiety is referred to as flight response which effects is centered on ensuring that the child escapes harm either through the confrontation of the danger or by evading the problem.

Physical System

When an individual sense or perceives an impending danger, the brain sends messages to the

sympathetic nervous systems that in turn produces the flight response. When the flight response is activated there is chemical effects such as adrenaline, cardiovascular effects whereby the heart rate goes up, and the body is ready for any reaction that could take place. Also, respiratory effects increase the speed of breathing. In essence, this may result in choking and breathlessness. More so, there are the issues of breathlessness and other physical effects such as pupil dilation that may cause blurred visions and salivation decrease that results in the mouth drying up.

Cognitive System

The primary purpose of the flight system is to ensure that an individual could easily be aware of a

potential threat. Hence, for the children with such disorders finds it challenging to focus on the tasks as their concentration is taken over by the need to look for any threat around them at all times. Moreover, when children cannot find any dangers around them, they start to think that there is something wrong with them.

Behavioral System

This is the heightened feeling that is accompanied by the flight response due to a desire to escape a

threatening situation. However, social constraints may prevent an individual from running away. For instance, before the exams, most of the students feel like they should attack the lecturer or not even show up to the exam room which may seem logical at the time, but it is not.

Anxiety Versus Fear and Panic

It is pertinent to differentiate between Fear and panic. Fear is considered as the instant anxiety

reaction owing to a current threat or a hostile life situation. However, fear and anxiety have much income, but they both differ either psychologically as well as biologically due to the emotion caused by anxiety. On the other hand, panic is caused by the a reaction known as flight or flight response which presents itself when an individual is exposed to the apparent danger.

Normal Fear Anxieties, Worries, and Rituals

Normal fears happen when children continually change their environmental settings. However, these

qualms can be devastating later in their fears. Normal worries are the usual worry like worrying about the forthcoming unproductiveness of an individual either in class or at work, or in sports. However, normal worrying is considered as one of the factors that result in better development and improvement of ones performance in their lives. Therefore, it may be one of the reasons why people continually worry about the things that they are supposed to tackle all the time.

On the other hand, normal anxiety is quite common in children and adolescence. Most of the anxiety

in children is visible when they are four years o age. The most frequent forms of anxiety include the test anxiety, extra need for encouragement, and concern about competence. Lastly, there is the ordinary rituals and repetitive behavior, which is quite common young children as they are used to situations happening in a given sequence which when changes may cause anxiety in them since they do not understand what exactly may be happening to them.

Anxiety Disorder According to DSM-IV-TR

            These are divided into different classes, including separation anxiety disorder (SAD),

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Specific Phobia, Social Phobia, Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), Acute Stress Disorder, Panic Disorder (PD), a Panic disorder with agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Separation Anxiety Disorder

This is important for young children as it ensures their survival. In essence, from seven months

onwards are quite hesitant to leave their guardians and they tend to cry when they are even left at the preschools.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder issue is a tension issue that is portrayed by over the top wild and stress

over ordinary things. GAD is a typical ceaseless turmoil described by a dependable uneasiness that is not centered around any one items or circumstance. The typical period of its beginning is variable from youth to late adulthood. Ladies are 2-3 times bound to experience the ill effects of GAD than men. GAD is likewise typical in the older populace.

Specific Phobia

Specific Phobia is extreme and tenacious anxiety brought about by the nearness or expectation of a

particular circumstance. It incites a prompt uneasiness reaction that can here and there appear as a fit of anxiety. This exceptional anxiety frequently prompts avoidance and causes severe misery when the circumstance cannot be maintained.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Are repetitive and industrious thoughts, driving forces or pictures that are experienced as meddling and unseemly and cause tension and pain. The people remember them as his or her very own considerations, and may endeavor to oppose; however, they may realize they are difficult to expel.

Acute stress disorder (ASD)

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is a psychological issue that can happen in the first month following an

injury. The side effects that characterize ASD are almost similar to those of PTSD. One contrast, however, is that a PTSD finding cannot be given until indications have gone on for one month

Panic Disorder (PD)

It is a repetitive and surprising tension attack of rage, which are all the more regularly called a panic

attack. In a month or a more significant amount of one with the highlight, for example, following: a) Persisting apprehension of having another append. b) Worry about the suggestions and outcome of the assault. c) Significant changes in conduct after the assaults.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

People with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized as individuals who have been

presented to a horrible accident in which one individual experienced or went against the real or compromised passing or genuine damage which results in the physical untrustworthiness of self or others

Associated Characteristics

Frequently, children with anxiety tend to show various features which will be discussed below.

Cognitive disturbances

The progress of cognitive maturity is usually related to reduced fear. Nonetheless, the children with

such a condition continue to view situations that cannot cause them harm as a threat to them.

Intelligence and Academic Achievement. Children with are condition have normal levels of

intelligence, besides is there is minimal relationship between IQ and anxiety in general. Nevertheless, excessive anxiety may result in deficits in some parts of the cognitive functions. Thus, this interferes with the level of performance in the classes resulting in poor outcomes in the school.

Threat-Related Attentional Biases. Generally, children with anxiety disorders choose to deal with

issues that may be potentially harmful to them, which is a condition that is referred to as the anxious vigilance.

Cognitive error and biases infer to how the children who are usually anxious and the ones that are

not anxious reaction towards a particular impending danger.

Physical Symptoms

Children that undergo anxiety issues tend to experience some symptom such as stomachaches and headaches. It is more common in children who have GAD, Panic disorder, as well as SAD. Point to note, individuals with high levels of apprehension tend to survive most accidents at their young age.

Social and Emotional Deficits.

Most of the children expect to experience danger in their social environments, which result in weak

interactions and relations with other people. Besides, some of these actions that result in poor relations among the people may be due to the fact they do not understand the emotions of others or that they have low self-esteems, and are quite lonely.

Gender, Ethnicity, and Culture

Most studies show that girls are mostly affected by the anxiety disorders during their childhood and

as teenagers. In fact, by the age of 6, there are likely to be twice as many girls that are affected by the anxiety disorder compared to the boys. However, for the adolescent period, the difference can be easily counted due to the psychological factors that may be affecting the individuals.

Theories and causes

There have numerous theories over the years with regards to the anxiety in the children which affects

the brain causing some mental strains. In essence, this study dates back to 1909 which discussed the conditions of fear in the children. Some of the major theories are classified as the early theories, including classical psychoanalytic theory, behavioral and learning theory, and Bowlbys theory of attachment.

 Temperament

 This illustrates that people differ from their physical reactions as well as psychological which helps

people deal with the unexpected issues differently. All of this may due to ones cultural background, a previous experience, or even gender. Besides, it may occur due to the combination of factors.

Neurobiological Factors

In a person, no single structure can be said to control the entire responsive system. Hence, the control

is done mostly by a combination of neurotransmitters.

Treatment and Prevention

 The treatment can be done to ensure that the following four factors are corrected that is the distorted

information processing, the physiological reactions that aid one in perceiving something harmful, the lack of control and the excessive avoidance habit. This treatment may be done through behavioral therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, family intervention, and medication