When an individual is arrested for Driving Under Influence (DUI) they are first subjected to a breath test using a breathalyzer. In other cases, an alternate chemical test may be required by the arresting officers. If this happens the test is to be carried out by the nearest hospital and the sealed results presented (Levine, 2003). The blood alcohol concentration figure is checked against the state limit and if in violation the arrestee is charged. If at any point the client does not comply then they are charged with refusal. Toxicology helps forensic investigators in identifying drug and substance abuse as well as analyzing poisoning and other chemical induced deaths. Toxicology aids in confirmation of suspected chemicals and to infer from the results if the quantities are fatal (Levine, 2003). Analysis of body fluids and in some cases organ samples could hold evidence in cases of ingested drugs or chemicals. Different substances require different tests. Methods of testing are selected based on the course of the investigation. For volatile substances, a gas chromatography test may be selected. Metals are tested using oxidation and extraction techniques (Levine, 2003). Non-volatile substances like drugs and pesticides are tested using such methods as thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography.

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